问题库/急救与意外
一条腿突然肿起来,是不是扭到了
别按也别揉。量一下两条腿,一条比另一条粗一圈、按着疼,尽快去做下肢静脉超声;坐车坐飞机超过四小时,风险大约翻倍。突然喘不上气、胸痛、咳血,立刻打 120。
这里不保证什么
这里不诊断。腿肿又发烧、发红发烫的,可能是感染,别等超声结果,当天去医院。
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一条腿突然肿起来、发紧、按着疼,尽快就医;再加上突然喘不上气或者胸痛,立刻打 120
一条腿突然肿起来、比另一条粗一圈、按着疼,尽快去做腿部静脉超声。再加上突然喘不上气、胸痛,直接打 120,确诊肺栓塞的人 3 个月内死亡 17.4%。坐车坐飞机超过 4 小时,风险大约翻倍,隔一阵起来走走。有血栓高危因素的,出发前问医生要不要穿压力袜。
- 量两条腿:一条突然比另一条粗一圈、按着疼,去约下肢静脉超声
- 别按摩别揉那条腿,等超声结果,按医生说的处理
- 突然喘不上气、深吸气胸口更疼、心跳快、咳血,直接打 120
坑17.4% 是确诊肺栓塞病例的死亡率,不是腿肿了就有这么大风险,别对着这个数字吓自己。
成本:腿部血管做一次超声(下肢静脉超声),一两百元。第 13 节 · 紧急情况:先做什么
出处
Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, De Rosa M (1999). Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). Lancet, 353(9162), 1386-1389. <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)07534-5> ; WHO (2007). Study results released on travel and blood clots. <https://www.who.int/news/item/29-06-2007-study-results-released-on-travel-and-blood-clots> ; NHS. DVT (deep vein thrombosis):「If you're travelling for 4 hours or more by plane, train or car」「wearing loose clothing」「drinking plenty of water」「avoiding alcohol」「walking around when possible」. <https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt/> ; Clarke MJ, Broderick C, Hopewell S, Juszczak E, Eisinga A (2021). Compression stockings for preventing deep vein thrombosis in airline passengers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, CD004002. <https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004002.pub4>
胸口压着疼、闷、发紧超过 15 分钟不缓解,或者疼时出冷汗、恶心、喘不上气,打 120,不要自己扛也不要自己开车
胸口压着疼、闷、发紧,超过 15 分钟不缓解,打 120。疼得厉害、出冷汗、喘不上气的,疼了几分钟就该打。到医院后 55 分钟内把血管撑开的,30 天内死亡 2.8%。超过 55 分钟的 9.7%。别自己开车去医院。
- 看表:胸口压着疼、闷、发紧超过 15 分钟不缓解就打 120
- 疼得厉害、出冷汗、喘不上气的,几分钟就打,别等 15 分钟
- 说清疼在哪、往哪串,等急救来,别自己开车去急诊
坑15 分钟是 NICE 给医生分辨的线,不是让你干等;疼得厉害、出冷汗、喘不上气的,几分钟就该打。
成本:不花钱。第 13 节 · 紧急情况:先做什么
出处
Karkabi B, Meir G, Zafrir B, et al. (2021). Door-to-balloon time and mortality in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. European Heart Journal - Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. <https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjqcco/qcaa037>;NICE (2010, 2016 更新). Recent-onset chest pain of suspected cardiac origin: assessment and diagnosis (CG95), 第 1.2.1.3 条:「pain in the chest and/or other areas (for example, the arms, back or jaw) lasting longer than 15 minutes」「chest pain associated with nausea and vomiting, marked sweating, breathlessness, or particularly a combination of these」. <https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg95/chapter/Recommendations>;International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (2025). International First Aid, Resuscitation and Education Guidelines 2025,第 357–358 页:「Access EMS even if the pain has only lasted a couple of minutes」「Symptoms may be more subtle or uncommon in some populations, such as people who are female, elderly or have diabetes」. <https://www.ifrc.org/sites/default/files/2026-03/IFRC%20International%20First%20Aid,%20Resuscitation%20and%20Education%20Guidelines%202025.pdf>;NHS. Heart attack:「Do not drive yourself to A&E」. <https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heart-attack/symptoms/>
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这条回答是给一个正在着急的人写的,不是法律意见或医嘱。 金额大、动到人身、或者已经进到程序里,去找律师、医生和办事窗口。