换成电子烟，算不算把烟戒了

Lindson N, Livingstone-Banks J, Butler AR, et al. (2026). Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 8, CD010216. <https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub11>；国家烟草专卖局 (2022). 电子烟管理办法（国家烟草专卖局公告 2022 年第 1 号，2022 年 5 月 1 日施行）第十八条：从事电子烟零售业务，要向烟草专卖行政主管部门申领烟草专卖零售许可证。第二十二条：「禁止向未成年人出售电子烟产品。」第二十三条第二款：「任何个人、法人或者其他组织不得通过本办法规定的电子烟交易管理平台以外的信息网络销售电子烟产品、雾化物和电子烟用烟碱等。」第二十六条：「禁止销售除烟草口味外的调味电子烟和可自行添加雾化物的电子烟。」. <http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/content/2022/content_5697988.htm>；World Health Organization (2023-12-14). Urgent action needed to protect children and prevent the uptake of e-cigarettes：「E-cigarettes as consumer products are not shown to be effective for quitting tobacco use at the population level」「it is not recommended that governments permit sale of e-cigarettes as consumer products in pursuit of a cessation objective」「Whilst long-term health effects are not fully understood」. <https://www.who.int/news/item/14-12-2023-urgent-action-needed-to-protect-children-and-prevent-the-uptake-of-e-cigarettes>；Department of Health and Social Care (2023-04-11). Smokers urged to swap cigarettes for vapes in world first scheme：「almost 1 in 5 of all smokers in England will be provided with a vape starter kit alongside behavioural support」. <https://www.gov.uk/government/news/smokers-urged-to-swap-cigarettes-for-vapes-in-world-first-scheme>；最高人民检察院 (2021). 江苏苏州吴江区：办案检察官揭秘披着潮流外衣的新型毒品：「这种“上头”电子烟内含有被国家整类列管的合成大麻素成分」. <https://www.spp.gov.cn/spp/zdgz/202110/t20211011_531831.shtml>

Livingstone-Banks J, Fanshawe TR, Thomas KH, et al. (2023). Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, CD006103. <https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub8>；Hartmann-Boyce J, Chepkin SC, Ye W, Bullen C, Lancaster T (2018). Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, CD000146. <https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000146.pub5>；Theodoulou A, Chepkin SC, Ye W, et al. (2023). Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6, CD013308. <https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD013308.pub2>；上海市卫生健康委员会 (2021). 选对药物，让戒烟轻松一点：「市场上可见的戒烟药物主要有三种，即尼古丁替代疗法药物、安非他酮、伐尼克兰」，「尼古丁替代疗法药物属于非处方药（OTC），可通过药店柜台购买；而安非他酮、伐尼克兰属于处方药，须到医院戒烟门诊或呼吸内科就诊，凭医师处方经药师调配后才能得到」. <https://wsjkw.sh.gov.cn/jtyx/20211119/df50681e01ba49f896d54f771d8176ae.html>；Haleon (2025). NICODERM CQ (nicotine) patch, extended release. DailyMed 说明书：「use according to the following 10-week schedule: STEP 1 … 21 mg patch/day … Weeks 1-6 … 14 mg … Weeks 7-8 … 7 mg … Weeks 9-10」. <https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=93b2d1b9-83c1-40b5-b6af-90c38c8d6cef>（贴片减量那一句）

Jha P 等 (2013). 21st-century hazards of smoking and benefits of cessation in the United States. NEJM. <https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa1211128>；Chen Z 等 (2015). Contrasting male and female trends in tobacco-attributed mortality in China: evidence from successive nationwide prospective cohort studies. Lancet. <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00340-2>；Oberg M 等 (2011). Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. Lancet. <https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61388-8>（二手烟那两个数字）；Scolaro JA 等 (2014). Cigarette smoking increases complications following fracture: a systematic review. J Bone Joint Surg Am. <https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.M.00081>；Nåsell H 等 (2010). Effect of smoking cessation intervention on results of acute fracture surgery: a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. <https://doi.org/10.2106/JBJS.I.00627>；Thomsen T 等 (2014). Interventions for preoperative smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. <https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002294.pub4>（骨折和手术那几个数字）